2022 signaled a recalibration for venture capital (VC) investments globally after a record capital influx over the last few years. Increasing macroeconomic uncertainty and recessionary fears drove caution in investing momentum globally, headlined by a few key triggers: (a) post-pandemic tightening of monetary policy as central banks pulled the plug on access to cheap capital (more than 2.5 percentage points [pps] interest rate hikes across the US, UK, and Europe during 2022); (b) intensifying geopolitical tensions (e.g., Russia-Ukraine conflict, US-China decoupling); (c) trade sanctions by US and Europe, leading to global supply chain shocks; and (d) surfacing of irregularities in corporate governance across the tech ecosystem globally.
Funding momentum in India similarly softened in line with the global slowdown as total deal value saw a compression from $38.5 billion to $25.7 billion from 2021 to 2022. However, India continued to demonstrate resilience to global headwinds as structural enablers drove a positive economic outlook (i.e., large consumption potential, inclusive growth led by scale digital adoption of the decentralised “India Stack,” effective fiscal and monetary policy discipline limiting inflationary growth, and tailwinds from economic activity shifting away from China). Deeper analysis of the underlying metrics, as indicated below, reflects a more nuanced picture:
Decline in funding mostly took place over the second half of 2022 as global macro headwinds intensified over the year—in fact, investments grew 1.4x over the first half of 2021–2022 but saw a 70% decline in the second half of 2022 compared to the second half of 2021. Within Asia-Pacific, the share of India-focused VC investments reached 20% for the first time, and India continued to account for ~5% of global VC funding in line with 2021. For the second time in a row, the number of unicorns added in India (23) outpaced China (11), and India marked the addition of its 100th unicorn (Open Technologies) in May 2022.
"While macroeconomic factors drove the slowdown in funding globally, India continues to be attractive for investors globally given strong fundamentals. Low leverage, tech adoption, and favorable demographics create a long runway for growth. We see limited impact, especially in early-stage rounds, and continue to invest across sectors.” Elevation Capital
Despite the drop in Indian VC funding to $25.7 billion (0.7x of 2021 funding), deal volume saw marginal 1.1x growth, reaching 1,611 deals led by an expansion in seed to series B deals. Further, series A deals maintained an average deal size of ~$11 million, cementing a step shift in early-stage dealmaking in India (average series A deals hit the coveted $10 million mark for the first time in 2021). The decline was driven primarily by average deal size compression from $25 million to $16 million over 2021–2022. A significant drop in $100 million+ “megarounds” (from 92 to 48 over 2021–2022) was a key factor in deal size compression, with global investors exercising caution on large-ticket size deals. Further, venture funding continued to see democratisation, with emerging hubs beyond Bengaluru, Mumbai, and the NCR (National Capital Region) receiving ~18% of the funding and accounting for 9 of 23 unicorns added in 2022.
“Through our investments in Citymall and Apnamart, we have seen disruption in large $100B categories in Tier 2+. The urban-rural digital divide will continue to converge, creating opportunities for start-ups. We are bullish on the potential of “Bharat”, or Tier 2+ India, and the next decade of start-ups serving its needs efficiently and profitably.”
Accel
Software-as-a-service (SaaS) and fintech continued to see momentum relative to 2021, growing in salience from ~25% to ~35% of total funding in 2022. Consumer tech, however, saw a 55% drop, from more than $20 billion in 2021 to less than $10 billion in 2022. Several investment themes emerged in 2022:
Moderation in consumer tech deal momentum was reflected across segments such as edtech, online food delivery, B2C commerce, and D2C brands. Given typically higher cash-burn business models in consumer tech, investors remained cautious about large deals in 2022.
In contrast, SaaS saw steady deal momentum over an expansive base from 2021, led by increasing asset depth, proven revenue growth, EBITDA-positive business models, and an emerging base of second-generation founders focused on building category-defining solutions.
Despite regulatory headwinds and global compression in fintech funding, Indian fintech sustained momentum—driven by several scale deals focused on lending and fintech infra players (four unicorns) in the first half of 2022. The second half of 2022 saw consistent deal volume via early-stage deals across emerging segments—insurtech, embedded lending, and wealthtech.
Finally, green shoots were visible across emergent sectors: electric vehicle (EV), agritech, and deep tech (space tech, generative AI and climate/clean tech) saw significant interest.
The investor base consequently saw a few critical shifts over 2022. Concentration of investments by large investors decreased to less than 20% from ~25% in 2021 as investment activity by global hedge funds and crossover funds slowed down. While most leading VCs saw a compression in the deal activity, salience of early-stage investments by these funds within respective portfolios increased (e.g., more than 80% of deals for top funds, including Sequoia, Accel, and Lightspeed, were early-stage in 2022). Private equity (PE) firms continued to demonstrate interest in select growth equity deals—marquee deals include Dailyhunt (CPPIB), ElasticRun (Goldman Sachs), and Amagi (General Atlantic). In an increasing validation of the maturity of the Indian start-up ecosystem, micro VCs grew in presence: the base of active micro VC funds grew to more than 80; several launched larger funds (e.g., the $55 million Artha Select Fund, maiden micro VC fund by Artha Capital, and the $25 million Auxano Fund); and thematic micro VCs also increased in presence (e.g., SaaS [Pentathlon] and gaming [Lumikai]). Lastly, family offices, corporate VCs, and first-time funds remained active over 2022, participating in more than 300 deals, in line with 2021.
Read More at https://www.bain.com/insights/india-venture-capital-report-2023/
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